Why I like (GitHub) gists and a short tour through ones I have created

I like sharing code and instructions. Thus, I like gists.

1. What are gists?
2. Why I like creating gists
   1. I can share them with people
   2. I can share them with myself in the future
   3. The ramblings of my existence can end up in the same place
3. Why I like finding other people's gists
   1. Someone else has probably done what I want to do before
4. I could or should put things elsewhere (not on GitHub)
5. My gists, or "the gist-list"
   1. BLOG POSTS
      1. 1. how to start blogging
      2. 2. a hat blog
   2. JUST DATA
      1. DATA I MANUALLY MADE
         1. 3. my spotify wrapped 2023
         2. 4. a toki pona word list
         3. 5. my vscode extension list
      2. DATA THAT'S AUTOMATICALLY UPDATED
         1. 6. my json resume
         2. 7. my web bookmarks
   3. HOW-TOS
      1. THINGS I WANTED TO DO MULTIPLE TIMES
         1. 8. how to generate and host a Factorio map
         2. 9. how to download data from Toggl's api
         3. 10. reusable ffmpeg commands
         4. 11. how to make bar charts in bash
         5. 12. how to make graphs in bash
      2. THINGS THAT OTHER PEOPLE COULD WANT TO DO
         1. 13. a script to remove all styles from an html file
         2. 14. common RSS extensions
         3. 15. a script to combine Squarespace RSS feeeds
         4. 16. a script to convert font files to css styles
         5. 17. a script to convert gpl files to css styles
      3. HOW TO SET UP THINGS ON A LINUX SERVER
         1. 18. how to set up rsa encryption keys
         2. 19. how to set up nginx
         3. 20. how to transfer folders over scp
         4. 21. how to run a program as a service with systemd
         5. 22. how to set up a mumble server
         6. 23. how to install ruby and jekyll on linux
         7. 24. how to set up ftp on linux
6. The end

What are gists?

GitHub Gists are "some text on the Internet". Usually, people put code snippets or Markdown in them, and then can share a link to anyone. It's like Pastebin but without (explicit) ads. Here's an example gist and here's the same on Pastebin.

Gists can be used for blog posts, or just to share copied text, or to host a single-branch version controlled script or code snippet. They are also often used to host data which is automatically updated from elsewhere, and can be referenced as the most up-to-date version of that data, for example by ideas like https://jsonresume.org/.

Anyone with a GitHub account can make a gist. It's a very easy way to share nicely formatted text (for example in Markdown), which is why it's the first - and most simple - thing I suggest in my "how to blog" guide.

There are good reasons you may not want to support GitHub. There are other ways to share snippets, with other gist tools, Pastebin, and other options. However, a lot of other code- or text-sharing websites seem fleeting, have ads, and do not look as nice (honourable mention here to https://wormhole.app/, a website for sharing files that looks incredible.)

Why I like creating gists

I like creating gists because they make text easy to share with two groups of people. Those two groups are...

I can share them with people

The first group of people is "other people", either specifically for someone, or just information or code I share a lot, so I like having a quick link to it. Gists I've made in this category include:

• how to create a blog? - I share this one with people whenever they muse about blogging and talk about using some complicated- or expensive-sounding tool, to try and convince them that they need not take on such an undertaking, and can just "put text on the Internet".
• Remove all CSS styles from HTML files with bash - this is a bash script I wrote and shared for CSS Naked Day 2024. There were lots of ways of removing styles for site-builders and site-backends, but none for pure HTML.
• How to use Ruby and Jekyll on Linux - when I set up Jekyll to edit a website for the first time, it was really confusing, partly because I'd never used Ruby before.

I can share them with myself in the future

The second group of people is really just one person, and they are "me in the future". Most of my usage of gists has been to remember how I did some specific thing with code or how I installed something. Writing it down in the first place help future me a lot to remember, because all I have to remember is in what context I did the thing, and then I can find out exactly how by reading the gist. Some examples of gists that have been very helpful to future- (well, now past-) me are:

• How to setup RSA keys for automatic SSH login - I found cryptography and keys confusing for a long time. Writing down what I did helped me set it up and get more confident doing so in future.
• Plot graphs using the terminal (bash) - I often cat data out to the terminal. It's nice to graph it. This is a way of doing so in the terminal, so doesn't require a UI library.
• Common RSS URL extensions - is what it says on the tin

The ramblings of my existence can end up in the same place

I make a lot of random scripts. In another world, they would end up either buried in random repositories on GitHub, or buried in random folders on my computer or laptop. They would get lost.

Gists make it easy to paste a script somewhere, and then find it later, as they are all (I'm sure much to GitHub's enjoyment) in the same place.

Why I like finding other people's gists

More than just being able to share my own code, I like gists because other people have the same ideas as me!

Someone else has probably done what I want to do before

If I'd like to accomplish a small scripting task, understand something self-contained, or find a code snippet for a specific task, I often search for it on the web. Unfortunately, in our Lord's year 2024, pages and pages of whatever search I make are mostly AI garbage (here is an article I have not read to pretend to verify my point). One help here is independent search engines like Marginalia Search or Wiby. While they are fun for exploring a more indie version of the web, I also find adding "site:gist.github.com" to my web search often results in finding exactly what I want to do.

For example, here is a small list of gists from my Internet history that I've found to be useful recently (and as a by-product, an eye into my life and desires for the past several months).

• Simple XSL boilerplate for styling Atom feeds
• Git's Merge vs. Rebase vs. Squash
• CSS Train Departure board
• Change End of Line Sequence from CRLF to LF to all files in a project
• How to copy, read and write Paxton fobs and cards with an RFIDler
• Simple Morse en- & decoding for Arduino
• Getting started with the D1 mini (ESP8266)
• Globally install FFmpeg and convert video to GIF
• RevealJS cheat sheet
• Decoding Morse Code With JavaScript
• Make an issue on GitHub using API V3 and Python
• how to print Avery labels with only a .csv and a web browser
• how to make a Google Form → GitHub issue Google Apps Script

I could or should put things elsewhere (not on GitHub)

The existence of GitHub in the above has mainly been a sidenote. The main thing that excites me about gists is the collaborative nature of them. This is not something that GitHub must have control over, and indeed something that they probably shouldn't have control over.

I've been reading recently a lot about self- or community-hosted alternatives to different things like Git servers (like sourcehut) and, I use Mastodon (talking of self-hosting, I'd like to find an instance that's not mastodon.social) a lot.

I could put my snippets on my website, or something more free. But, I haven't. Yet.

My gists, or "the gist-list"

The list is long. I keep comments brief. I have categorised them as to my whims. The code blocks show either the full gist, or - if you see "..." - a snippet or section of it.

BLOG POSTS

1. how to start blogging

# How to start blogging

You might not think you should blog. I think you should.

I like your thoughts! I want to be able to read them!

Here are some other reasons:

- [todepond's thoughts](https://www.todepond.com/wikiblogarden/art/blog/)
- [Max Böck's thoughts](https://mxb.dev/blog/seven-reasons-why-i-dont-write/)

At its simplest, a blog is "text on the Internet". With this in mind, my immediate reccomendation is [bear.blog](#using-bearblog), as it is super simple to set up, and you have text on the Internet, with no ads, and no nonsense.

Otherwise, here are some ways I know to share text on the Internet (listed in vague order of effort involved to set up/technical knowledge required to be learned).

## create text on the internet and link to it from elsewhere

for example on <https://gist.github.com>

...

2. a hat blog

I love hats

...

JUST DATA

DATA I MANUALLY MADE

3. my spotify wrapped 2023

# ...
[totals]
minutes = 60_724
songs = 7_309
genres = 151
artists = 4_391
[totals.longest_day]
date = "2023-7-08"
minutes = 861
# ...

4. a toki pona word list

#...
cat words.txt | awk -F'[^a-zA-Z]' 'BEGIN {delete wds} { if (length($0) > 0 && length($0) < 10) { if (!($1 in wds)) {print $1; wds[$1]}  } }' > nimi-ale-pi-toki-pona.txt
#...

5. my vscode extension list

{
  "name": "newprofile1",
  "extensions": "[{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"bbenoist.doxygen\",\"uuid\":\"aab644b7-f446-4774-87fc-2cce8f0d5a4f\"}},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"cschlosser.doxdocgen\",\"uuid\":\"da7e26d5-d57c-4742-ab47-d77fb189e195\"},\"displayName\":\"Doxygen Documentation Generator\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"davidanson.vscode-markdownlint\",\"uuid\":\"daf8b44d-8aae-4da2-80c5-1f770219f643\"},\"displayName\":\"markdownlint\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"eamodio.gitlens\",\"uuid\":\"4de763bd-505d-4978-9575-2b7696ecf94e\"},\"displayName\":\"GitLens — Git supercharged\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"esbenp.prettier-vscode\",\"uuid\":\"96fa4707-6983-4489-b7c5-d5ffdfdcce90\"},\"displayName\":\"Prettier - Code formatter\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"formulahendry.auto-rename-tag\",\"uuid\":\"6e440e71-8ed9-4f25-bb78-4b13096b8a03\"},\"displayName\":\"Auto Rename Tag\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"github.copilot\",\"uuid\":\"23c4aeee-f844-43cd-b53e-1113e483f1a6\"},\"displayName\":\"GitHub Copilot\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"github.vscode-github-actions\",\"uuid\":\"04f49bfc-8330-4eee-8237-ea938fb755ef\"},\"displayName\":\"GitHub Actions\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"github.vscode-pull-request-github\",\"uuid\":\"69ddd764-339a-4ecc-97c1-9c4ece58e36d\"},\"displayName\":\"GitHub Pull Requests and Issues\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"jock.svg\",\"uuid\":\"4ae6dc82-7981-4f10-bd81-2d72aec37f39\"},\"displayName\":\"SVG\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"leonhard-s.python-sphinx-highlight\",\"uuid\":\"a0f17d96-c9f3-4ce4-92b7-27b8c936835b\"},\"displayName\":\"Python Sphinx Highlighter\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"mhutchie.git-graph\",\"uuid\":\"438221f8-1107-4ccd-a6fe-f3b7fe0856b7\"},\"displayName\":\"Git Graph\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-python.black-formatter\",\"uuid\":\"859e640c-c157-47da-8699-9080b81c8371\"},\"displayName\":\"Black Formatter\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-python.pylint\",\"uuid\":\"8dc47276-5882-4c5f-903d-7eef7b9d1584\"},\"displayName\":\"Pylint\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-python.python\",\"uuid\":\"f1f59ae4-9318-4f3c-a9b5-81b2eaa5f8a5\"},\"displayName\":\"Python\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-python.vscode-pylance\",\"uuid\":\"364d2426-116a-433a-a5d8-a5098dc3afbd\"},\"displayName\":\"Pylance\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-toolsai.jupyter\",\"uuid\":\"6c2f1801-1e7f-45b2-9b5c-7782f1e076e8\"},\"displayName\":\"Jupyter\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-toolsai.jupyter-keymap\",\"uuid\":\"9f6dc8db-620c-4844-b8c5-e74914f1be27\"},\"displayName\":\"Jupyter Keymap\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-toolsai.jupyter-renderers\",\"uuid\":\"b15c72f8-d5fe-421a-a4f7-27ed9f6addbf\"},\"displayName\":\"Jupyter Notebook Renderers\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-toolsai.vscode-jupyter-cell-tags\",\"uuid\":\"ab4fb32a-befb-4102-adf9-1652d0cd6a5e\"},\"displayName\":\"Jupyter Cell Tags\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-toolsai.vscode-jupyter-slideshow\",\"uuid\":\"e153ca70-b543-4865-b4c5-b31d34185948\"},\"displayName\":\"Jupyter Slide Show\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-vscode.cpptools\",\"uuid\":\"690b692e-e8a9-493f-b802-8089d50ac1b2\"},\"displayName\":\"C/C++\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack\",\"uuid\":\"3957b2f6-f086-49b5-a7b4-5da772123130\"},\"displayName\":\"C/C++ Extension Pack\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-vscode.cpptools-themes\",\"uuid\":\"99b17261-8f6e-45f0-9ad5-a69c6f509a4f\"},\"displayName\":\"C/C++ Themes\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-vscode.powershell\",\"uuid\":\"40d39ce9-c381-47a0-80c8-a6661f731eab\"},\"displayName\":\"PowerShell\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ms-vscode.vscode-typescript-next\",\"uuid\":\"15305aca-2588-4ca0-8147-ab2c64730b82\"},\"displayName\":\"JavaScript and TypeScript Nightly\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"mushan.vscode-paste-image\",\"uuid\":\"ffaf4ec8-f001-4f02-b671-705ecf079cde\"},\"displayName\":\"Paste Image\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"naumovs.color-highlight\",\"uuid\":\"121396ad-85a1-45ec-9fd1-d95028a847f5\"},\"displayName\":\"Color Highlight\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"njpwerner.autodocstring\",\"uuid\":\"2d6fea35-f68e-461d-9b7b-5cd05be99451\"},\"displayName\":\"autoDocstring - Python Docstring Generator\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"rangav.vscode-thunder-client\",\"uuid\":\"2fd56207-78ef-49d4-95d2-9b801eee4dbf\"},\"displayName\":\"Thunder Client\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"ritwickdey.liveserver\",\"uuid\":\"b63c44fd-0457-4696-99e9-dbfdf70d77de\"},\"displayName\":\"Live Server\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"tumido.cron-explained\",\"uuid\":\"6ee451cb-7b81-4520-9eb4-059db43a1431\"},\"displayName\":\"Cron Explained\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"usernamehw.errorlens\",\"uuid\":\"9d8c32ab-354c-4daf-a9bf-20b633734435\"},\"displayName\":\"Error Lens\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"valentjn.vscode-ltex\",\"uuid\":\"840e9c85-0e99-42ce-aa62-81088245e699\"},\"displayName\":\"LTeX – LanguageTool grammar/spell checking\"},{\"identifier\":{\"id\":\"yzhang.markdown-all-in-one\",\"uuid\":\"98790d67-10fa-497c-9113-f6c7489207b2\"},\"displayName\":\"Markdown All in One\"}]"
}

DATA THAT'S AUTOMATICALLY UPDATED

6. my json resume

#...
"references": [
  {
    "reference": "\"This is very neat thank you for this contribution.\"",
    "name": " Alexandre Lavigne, open-source pull request.",
    "url": "https://github.com/burnash/gspread/pull/1187#pullrequestreview-1451621771"
  },
  {
    "reference": "\"Thanks @strib and. @alifeee - very good team work!!!!\"",
    "name": "Romano Silva, open-source pull request.",
    "url": "https://github.com/keyteki/keyteki/pull/3222#issuecomment-1589734669"
  },
#...

7. my web bookmarks

{
    "last_modified": "2024-03-25T00:44:15.551843Z",
    "bookmarks": {
        "TOP 10 personal websites/blogs": [
            {
                "title": "Tom Forth's Homepage",
                "url": "https://www.tomforth.co.uk/",
                "date_added": "2023-05-29T18:23:46.689000Z",
                "last_modified": "2023-11-12T22:19:05.160000Z"
            },
            {
                "title": "nonnullish",
                "url": "https://nonnullish.pages.dev/",
                "date_added": "2023-09-12T15:53:49.290000Z",
                "last_modified": "2023-11-12T22:19:28.376000Z"
            },
...

HOW-TOS

THINGS I WANTED TO DO MULTIPLE TIMES

Most of these gists exist because I spent a while figuring out how to do a process, and I thought that I would want to repeat the process in the future.

8. how to generate and host a Factorio map

...
## To create maps

With:

1. saves from Steam version of Factorio in `C:\Users\alifeee\AppData\Roaming\Factorio\saves`
2. saves moved from here to standalone Factorio install in `D:\Factorio\Factorio_1.1.100\saves`
3. `FactorioMaps` mod installed in `D:\Factorio\Factorio_1.1.100\mods\L0laapk3_FactorioMaps_4.4.0`

Assuming the saves are named `"multplayer 1"`, `"multplayer 2"`, etc...

Run the following to generate the map frontend

```bash
find . -regex '.*mult.*' | awk '{printf "\"%s\" ", substr($0, 3, length-6)} END {print ""}'
  # copy output
# paste from above
py auto.py --dayonly multplayer "multplayer start" "multplayer 1" "multplayer 2" ...
​```
...

9. how to download data from Toggl's api

...
KEYS="${TOGGL_KEYS:-.id, .workspace_id, .project_id, .task_id, .billable, .start, .stop, .duration, .description, .duronly, .at, .server_deleted_at, .user_id, .uid, .wid, .pid}"

# print CSV headers
echo $KEYS | awk -F', ' '{for (i=1; i<NF; i++) {printf "%s,", substr($i, 2)}} END {printf "\n"}'

# print CSV content (parse JSON with jq)
cat $1 | jq -r '.[] | ['"${KEYS}"'] | @csv'

10. reusable ffmpeg commands

# FFmpeg Commands

## Turn mp4 into gif

Used [here](https://github.com/sheffieldhackspace/train-signs). From [here](https://superuser.com/a/1695537).

```bash
ffmpeg -y -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "fps=5,scale=480:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen=max_colors=32[p];[s1][p]paletteuse=dither=bayer" output.gif
​```

11. how to make bar charts in bash

...
# > ./bar.sh 25 100 12
# ███░░░░░░░░░
awk -v prog=$1 -v TOTAL=$2 -v TOTSEG=$3 'BEGIN {
    frac = prog / TOTAL;
    segs = frac * TOTSEG;
    segs_int = int(sprintf("%.0f", segs));
    for (s=0; s<segs_int; s++) {
        printf "%s", "█";
    }
    for (s=0; s<(TOTSEG - segs_int); s++) {
        printf "%s", "░";
    }
}'

12. how to make graphs in bash

...
Plot graphs using the terminal. E.g.,
> cat sensor.txt | awk -F ':| *' '{print $2}' | eplot -d -t CO2 2> /dev/null

  4000 +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
       |         +      +.+.+       +         +         +        +         |
       |                :    .+                                CO2 +.....+ |
       |               +       .+                                          |
  3500 |-+            :          .+                                      +-|
       |              :            .+                                      |
       |             +               .+                                    |
       |             :                 +                                   |
  3000 |-+          :                   +                                +-|
       |            :                    .+                                |
       |            :                      .+.+                            |
       |            :                          .+                          |
  2500 |-+         :                             .+                      +-|
       |           +                               .+.+                    |
       |          +                                    .+.+                |
       |         +                                         +.+.+           |
  2000 |-+      +                                               .+.+.+.+ +-|
       |       +                                                           |
       |      +                                                            |
       |.+.+.+   +        +         +         +         +        +         |
  1500 +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
       0         5        10        15        20        25       30        35
...
> cat sensor.txt | awk -F ':| *' '{print $2}' | eplot -d -t CO2 2> /dev/null
...

THINGS THAT OTHER PEOPLE COULD WANT TO DO

These are things that I did once, or do repeatedly and remember how to do. But, I put them into gists so that I could share with people how I do common things, or so people with very specific google searches might stumble across something useful.

13. a script to remove all styles from an html file

...
# to change lots of files, use `find` and `xargs`
#  e.g., find all files ending with ".html" and replace them with the output of this script
#   find . -name "*.html" -print0 | xargs -0 -i bash -c './scripts/naked.sh "{}" > "{}.temp" && mv "{}.temp" "{}"'

cat "$1" | perl -0777pe 's|<link[^>]*rel="stylesheet"[^>]*/>||gms' | perl -0777pe 's|<style>.*?</style>||gms' | perl -0777pe 's|style="[^"]*"||gms'

14. common RSS extensions

# Common RSS URL extensions

I like blogs. I like RSS feeds. Often, blogs don't have an RSS feed link. Often, these blogs *do* have an RSS feed, thanks to whatever site generator they use.

Thus, I like to try and find the hidden feed. These are the URLs I usually put on the URL to try and find the feed.

For example, [`blog.alifeee.co.uk`](https://blog.alifeee.co.uk/) -> [`blog.alifeee.co.uk/feed.xml`](https://blog.alifeee.co.uk/feed.xml)

```text
/feed
/feed.xml
/rss
/rss.xml
/atom
/atom.xml
/index.xml
./feed
./feed.xml
./rss
./rss.xml
./atom
./atom.xml
./index.xml
​```

15. a script to combine Squarespace RSS feeeds

...
# fetch the file
    rss=$(curl -s "${baseurl}&${querystring}" | tr -d '\n') 
    # remove header with "<\?xml.*?<\/description>"
    if [ $i -ne 1 ]; then
        rss=$(echo $rss | perl -pe 's/<\?xml.*?<\/description>//g')
    fi
    # remove footer
    if [ $i -ne $months_ahead ]; then
        rss=$(echo $rss | sed 's/<\/channel><\/rss>//g')
    fi
    all_rss="$all_rss$rss"
...

16. a script to convert font files to css styles

...
name_without_spaces=$(echo $name | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '-')

echo '@font-face {
  font-family: "'$name'";
  src: url("'$1'") format('woff');
}
.font--'$name_without_spaces' {
  font-family: "'$name'" !important;
}
'

17. a script to convert gpl files to css styles

...
cat $1 | awk -F ' ' '
BEGIN {
  printf ":root {\n"
} /^([0-9]{1,3})\s+([0-9]{1,3})\s+([0-9]{1,3})\s+(.*)$/ {
  colourname = ""
  for (i=4;i<=NF;i++) {
    colourname = colourname "-" $i
  }
  printf "  --colour%s: #%02x%02x%02x;\n", colourname, $1, $2, $3
} END {
  printf "}\n"
}'

HOW TO SET UP THINGS ON A LINUX SERVER

Having and doing things on a Linux server is an entire world in itself. When I started doing it, lots was confusing. Lots is still confusing. Whenever I do something describable, I try and write it down so that I can build upon my knowledge, rather than having to re-find-out how to do it every time I do something.

I have come back to most of these quite a lot because they contain a lot of POSIX/bash/shell commands that I remember using, but have forgotten how to use, or what they were called.

18. how to set up rsa encryption keys

...
### Add key to `~/.ssh/authorised_keys`

```bash
cat .ssh/alifeeePC.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
​```

### Add host and key to SSH config file

Doing this means I can type `ssh server` and it basically runs the [above command](#connect-using-key-vanilla)

Add the following to `~/.ssh/config`

```text
Host server
  HostName server.alifeee.net
  User root
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/alifeeePC
​```
...

19. how to set up nginx

...
## Config examples

### subdomain redirect

This redirects `webring.alifeee.co.uk` to `localhost:8080`. Without this, you would have to access the endpoint with `webring.alifeee.co.uk:8080`, which looks ugly :(

```nginx
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name webring.alifeee.co.uk;
  location / {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
  }
}
​```

### (default) static site

This serves static files from `/var/www/server_homepage`

```nginx
server {
  listen 80 default_server;
  listen [::]:80 default_server;
  root /var/www/server_homepage;
  server_name _;
  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
  }
}
​```

### Folder alias

This redirects requests to `https://server.alifeee.net/factorio` to `/var/www/factorio` instead of `/var/www/server_homepage/factorio`

```nginx
  location /factorio {
    alias /var/www/factorio_map/;
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
  }
​```
...

20. how to transfer folders over scp

# Transfer Folders over SCP

With tar + zip

## Commands

### zip + tar
```bash
tar -cvzf <nameoftar>.tar.gz <nameoffolder>
​```

### Transfer over scp

```bash
scp ./<nameoftar>.tar.gz <user>@<server>:<filelocation>
​```

### untar + unzip (on remote)

```bash
tar -xvzf <nameoftar>.tar.gz
​```

21. how to run a program as a service with systemd

...
## An example service file

For an application stored in `/root/go/webring-go/serve` that serves files over HTTP, an example service file is

```service
[Unit]
Description=Webring using Go and TOML
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/root/go/webring-go/serve
WorkingDirectory=/root/go/webring-go

Restart=always
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
​```

## How to enable

If the service is named `webring.service`

```bash
cp webring.service /etc/systemd/system/webring.service
sudo systemctl enable webring.service
sudo systemctl start webring.service
sudo systemctl status webring.service
​```
...

22. how to set up a mumble server

# Mumble Server setup

## Setup

This describes commands to set up Mumble's server (Murmur) on Ubuntu Linux.

### Install

```bash
sudo apt-get install mumble-server
​```

### Configure
```bash
sudo dpkg-reconfigure mumble-server
sudo nano /etc/mumble-server.ini
​```

Edit `welcometext`, `serverpassword`, `registerName`.

```bash
sudo service mumble-server restart
​```
...

23. how to install ruby and jekyll on linux

### Using Ruby on Linux

#### Install Ruby + Gems

```bash
sudo apt-get install ruby-full
gem install bundler
bundle config set --local path 'vendor/bundle'
bundle install
​```

#### Serve hot-reloading website

```bash
bundle exec jekyll serve --watch
​```

24. how to set up ftp on linux

# How to set up FTP on Ubuntu

Mainly following <https://gist.github.com/CloudLinuxDeveloper/ec801e51c0a3917555c01d8b064e7f9a>

```bash
sudo apt update && sudo apt install vsftpd
sudo service vsftpd status
sudo ufw allow 20/tcp
sudo ufw allow 21/tcp
sudo ufw allow 40000:50000/tcp
sudo ufw allow 990/tcp
sudo adduser weeknotes
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  > DenyUsers weeknotes
sudo service sshd restart
sudo mkdir /home/weeknotes/ftp
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /home/weeknotes/ftp
sudo chmod a-w /home/weeknotes/ftp
sudo mkdir /home/weeknotes/ftp/files
sudo chown weeknotes:weeknotes /home/weeknotes/ftp/files
sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.original
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
> write_enable=YES
> chroot_local_user=YES
> chroot_local_user=YES
> force_dot_files=YES
> pasv_min_port=40000
> pasv_max_port=50000
> user_sub_token=$USER
> local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
sudo service vsftpd restart
​```

The end

I hope you enjoyed a skim through the gist-list. Some are boring, but that's because I didn't hold out, and included every gist, so you could have a fair judgement of how many are actually useful and how many end up not being.

Maybe next time you write a small script, or spend a couple of hours figuring out how to do something, you'd consider writing it down and putting it somewhere?...